Max Dupain vs. Anne Zahalka free essay sample

The composition is in two halves; the man’s body is filling up most of the upper section and the empty area of sand in the lower half. The male figure is the focal point and the main subject of the photo. Dupain’s image ‘Sunbaker’ reflects an architectural style through visual elements shown in this image. The architectural style seen in the image ‘Sunbaker’ is very symbolic and modern. Its simple and plain but has great meaning behind it. The body shape of the man creates form and shape. The shape made from his arms looks like a large rock, reflecting what Australia’s scenery is like. This shape of the rock similarly looks like one of Australia’s iconic landscapes ‘Uluru’. Dupain’s use of the low angle shot transforms the simple shapes of the man’s oval head and triangular torso into a mountain-like shape set against the horizon. We will write a custom essay sample on Max Dupain vs. Anne Zahalka or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The similar tones in the image create large open space; the lack of detail and the slight blurring of the background make you focus more on the main subject, the man. The close cropping and foreshortening of the figure creates flat space. The sky and the ground being almost inseparable also force your attention more towards the man. The shadows created by the man’s body create form and help contrast the man against the background. The lack of background detail also hides all reference to a specific location making the image more peaceful and relaxed. Dupain’s use of photographic techniques such as a wide aperture creates space, by making the background appear further away. The background is blurred and the foreground is sharp. The lack of detail in the background drags attention away causing you to focus more on the man. The low unusual angle creates a relaxed mood reflecting Australia’s laid-back culture. The close up shows clearly the water drops on the man and his wet hair which may mean he has just come out of the water and is now relaxing in the sun. The long shutter speed used has allowed the image to be as bright as it is, creating a long exposure that has decreased the depth of field in the image. A film camera was used to take this image. The orientation of the image is landscape; you can see this because the image is wide and close. By using the very tanned male it has helped with contrasting the figure against the very brightly lit scenery. The image being black and white gives it simplicity and elegance. It prevents the image from being over detailed by all the colours, but it also stops the image from being plain. It makes it different from other beach photos. Dupain’s photograph of the tanned male lying on the sand after he has been for a swim titled ‘Sunbaker’ shares many differences and similarities to Anne Zahalka’s photograph ‘The Sunbather #2’, which is of a red headed male laying on his stomach on sand. Zahalka has made a very similar copy of Dupain’s famous photograph but has portrayed a different meaning behind her image. The appropriation ironically plays on Max Dupains original, ‘Sunbaker’. Dupain aimed his image at being an architectural representation of Australia, reflecting Australian lifestyle and culture. While Zahalka has shown her way of looking at Australian people, she has deliberately photographed a very pale red haired male â€Å"sunbathing† at the beach. Normally this is something red haired people shouldn’t do because they are very easily burnt due to their pale white skin. Her photograph is also in colour unlike Dupain’s black and white image and you can easily see the sky from the ground dividing the image into sections. The image doesn’t so much look like it is on the beach where as Dupain has used evidence such as the wave on the left hand side of the image, and the male having wet hair and water droplets all over his arms. The male in Zahalka’s image appears dry and his hair does not appear to be wet. The male in ‘The Sunbather’ has very long hair making it hard for you to tell whether the figure is male or female, as if Zahalka aimed at trying to confuse the observer. Zahalka has tried to show what the men in Australia apparently look like. She is suggesting that they are slim, white and fair headed unlike in Dupain’s image which is almost opposite having a bulky, tanned, dark haired male. Zahalka has used a standard lens while Dupain photographed using a wide lens shown through the image being a close up of the figure. Zahalka has photographed further away from the subject making the figure smaller, and having much more background. Dupain has cropped most of the background focusing mainly on the male figure making it clearly the focal point of the image. The slimness of the male in Zahalka’s image makes it hard for the body structure to portray any shape or form. You cannot clearly notice any relation to architectural style at all. There are no clear visible shadows being made from the frame of the figure in ‘The Sunbather’ and this doesn’t show where the light is coming from. A few similarities between the two images are the way only one hand is clearly seen, out in front and the empty area of sand in the lower half. Zahalka’s photograph does not clearly evoke any moods or emotions. The paleness of the skin in the sun does not create any form of relaxation just a feeling of caution as they may get burnt. Where as Dupain’s image being in black and white and the male being so darkly tanned you cannot see the very brightness of the sun and therefore creates a relaxed vibe.

Plant Germination and Propagation essays

Plant Germination and Propagation essays Sexual propagation involves the union of the pollen (male) with the egg (female) to produce a seed. The seed is made up of three parts: the outer seed coat, which protects the seed; the endosperm, which is a food reserve; and the embryo, which is the young plant itself. When a seed is mature and put in a favorable environment, it will germinate, or begin active growth. Germination is a biochemical process that involves the activation of many chemical reactions. This happens in three stages. The first stage of seed germination involves the uptake of water. This is called imbibition. During imbibition the protein synthesizing systems are activated and various enzymes are synthesized. These enzymes catalyze reactions used in the second stage of germination. The second stage of germination involves the breakdown of the stored energy rich compounds of the cotyledons and endosperm. The second stage is a period of readying the embryo for rapid growth during the third stage. This is the Lag sphere. During the third stage of germination, cell division begins and the embryo grows into a seedling. The first growth occurs in the radicle and the root system is established. There are environmental factors which affect germination. The first step in the germination process is the imbibition or absorption of water. Even though seeds have great absorbing power due to the nature of the seed coat, the amount of available water in the germination medium affects the uptake of water. An adequate, continuous supply of water is important to ensure germination. Once the germination process has begun, a dry period will cause the death of the embryo. Light is known to stimulate or to inhibit germination of some seed. The light reaction involved here is a complex process. In all viable seed, respiration takes place. The respiration in dormant seed is low, but some oxygen is required. The respiration rate increases ...

Freedom and autonomy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Freedom and autonomy - Term Paper Example inates in an individual’s full acceptance of the political rule of the state, because the ideals of mutual recognition are naturally engraved in the constitution of the sovereign state (Hegel 19). In other words, the basic interest or self-identity of every individual is attributed with ethical value in the general legitimacy and wisdom of the state. Hegel hence places the will to freedom in the historically actual agency of the supreme state. Hegel believes that the state represents the realization of social freedom. This essay analyzes the argument of Hegel that freedom is only possible within the state. Hegel argues that the â€Å"ultimate phase of [national] consciousness, on which everything depends, is the recognition that man is free† (Moland 103). According to Hegel, it is only through the nation-state—which he defines as a cultural aggregation of people—that freedom is realized. Hegel makes use of the concept ‘rational’ to refer to aspects that advance freedom; in history, the advancement of freedom â€Å"explicates and manifests itself† (Moland 103) in nation-states. The importance of a state does not depend on its distinctiveness or individuality that should then be safeguarded at all costs. A nation-state is an institution within which individuals can better attain freedom. Nation-states and their different features are exercised by world spirit to realize an increasingly actual achievement of freedom (Hegel 28). This advancement of freedom, Hegel argues, occurs in phases because different states embody different phases of the reali zation of freedom. A particular state can merely represent one phase of world history. Once the role of a state in world history has ended, it can â€Å"no longer count in world history† (Moland 105). According to Hegel, only nation-states can play a role in world history. He argues: â€Å"In world history our topic can only be nations that form states. For it must be understood that only a nation that has become a

Class Discussion Week 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Class Discussion Week 12 - Essay Example Chelsea Football Club has faced a public relations crisis after it emerged that a group of its fans were involved in a racial row after being filmed singing racist songs and refusing to allow a black man to board a carriage on the Paris Metro. The club did the right thing of countering the racist slurs by using its Public Relations team to issue statements disowning the behavior, and inviting the man who was racially discriminated to Stamford Bridge. Chelsea Football Club would have done better in handling the situation by requesting or advising the involved fans to issue a public apology (Rowitz, 2014). Chief Executive Officer, Public Relations team, legal advisor, a member of the public and a board member should be in the crisis management team within an organization. The human resources executive’s role is utilizing his/her knowledge and abilities to ensure the team delivers through staffing, performance management and strategic decision-making. A clear, appropriate and comprehensive communication strategy by someone from the public relations department should be developed for different stakeholders (Klann, 2003). Responsible communication content and approval lifts the image of the organization. Klann, G. (2003).  Crisis leadership: Using military lessons, organizational experiences, and the power of influence to lessen the impact of chaos on the people you lead. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative

Britain In a Global Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Britain In a Global Society - Essay Example Political system of UK is multi-party system- the political system in which more than one party is involved. Labour party, conservative party and liberal democrats are the parties of UK. Political system of the UK under the constitution is unmodified. Parliament has the responsibility to select the prime minister. Prime minister is basically the head of the majority party. UK is a constitutional monarchy which is the form of a government in which Queen is head of the state. The Members of Parliament are elected by the common citizen of UK. But the members of House of Lords are not elected. House of Lords member inherit sit from their fathers. The United Kingdom works on diversified economy. Diversified economy of UK is one of the largest in the world. The UK economy system follows mixed economy like many other nations. In mixed economy, both public and state sector direct the economy. Due to this private firms are free and can enable to produce and sell commodities and goods but it would be controlled by the government. UK is a trading nation. Domestic market of UK is limited that results to find more companies from outside of the country. One of the world’s largest importers is UK. United Kingdom’s mixed economy enables government to own stake of certain industries which are socialist characteristics (Branch, 2006, p.546). But mixed economy of United Kingdom has almost free market features. UK was one of the most stable economy countries before 2007. But after 2008 GDP growth rate of UK fell to 0.7%. UK is always renowned for its strong economy and rich blend of science and art. UK is the major centre for multinational companies. UK is the sixth largest importer in the world and tenth largest exporter in the world. In the year 2009, UK was one of the largest producers of natural gas in the world. And it is largest in the EU. UK has the third largest aerospace industry in the world. Foreign aerospace companies

COPD with Cognitive Status in an Elderly Sample

COPD with Cognitive Status in an Elderly Sample COPD with Cognitive Status in an Elderly Sample using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Dean Sherzai, MD MAS PhD(c), Rachel Schade, Sonia Vega, Ayesha Z. Sherzai, MD Author’s Affiliations: 1Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Cedar Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, Claremont, CA, USA; 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Loma Linda School of Public Health, Loma Linda, USA; Department of Neurology, The Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. Keywords: COPD, cognitive status, dementia, aging Abstract Purpose: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has been associated with dementia and cognitive impairment. We attempted to assess the relationship between COPD and cognitive impairment in a nationwide database, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Methods: Data was analyzed from the NHANES III database, a nationally representative cross sectional observational study among older adults. The diagnosis of COPD was based on calculation of FEV1/FVC ratio, with a cutoff of 0.7. The odds of having poor cognitive status was assessed using logistic regression models between COPD and three cognitive tests (immediate recall, delayed recall, and serial subtraction tests), adjusted for demographic variables and medical comorbidities. Results: We identified 17,181,182 individuals with a diagnosis of COPD. The mean age of was 71.5  ± 0.19 years. In the crude model, there was a strong relationship between those with COPD and poor cognitive test scores. This relationship was strengthened in the multivariate model adjusted for demographic variables and vascular comorbidities, such that those with COPD had a higher odds of having impaired immediate recall (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.44- 4.53), delayed recall (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.73- 5.52), and serial subtraction tests scores (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.17- 6.40). Conclusions: Individuals with COPD have a higher odds of having cognitive impairment in this large nationally representative database. Introduction Approximately 35.6 million currently suffer from dementia worldwide, and this number is expected to double by 2030 and triple by 2050 [1]. In the last few years we have become more cognizant of the importance of identifying cognitive decline at the earlier stages when it is more amenable to treatment. We have also become more knowledgeable about possible comorbidities that may propagate the process of cognitive decline and ultimate dementia. Causes of cognitive decline, and possible progression to dementia, are believed to be multifactorial. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive disease that affects more than 13.5 million people in the United States and has been associated with cognitive decline [2]. To date, there are no definitive treatments for dementia; therefore, much emphasis had been placed on the prevention of dementia, and identification of modifiable risk factors early in the disease process. Multiple studies have reported the association between COPD and either global cognitive deficits with the most severe deficiencies in specific cognitive domains such as perception, motor function or memory [3]. Despite the current body of evidence, the majority of studies are based on a single region, and there are a few studies that used a nationally representative data (Health and Retirement Study). Given that society is facing an increase in the rate of chronic diseases of aging [4], and the lack of large scale investigation on the relationship between COPD and diminished cognitive status, we analyzed this nationwide database, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), to better elucidate this relationship. Materials and Methods NHANES III is a cross sectional health survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), performed from 1988 to 1994 in persons aged two months and older in the United States. NHANES has a multistage, probability sampling design used to select participants representative of the civilian, non-institutionalized US population. Our study population consisted of 39,488,973 adults 60 to 89 years. Of these, participants were included if they had measurements for spirometry and the cognitive tests. Based on The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) standards, cases of COPD were defined based on the patient’s ratio of forced expiratory volume (FEV1) to the forced vital capacity (FVC). Patients with a ratio of less than 0.7 were classified with COPD. Our control group, patients without COPD, was classified by a ratio greater than 0.7. For the older population, NHANES-III measures cognitive status with three cognitive tests: an immediate a nd delayed logical verbal memory test from the East Boston Memory Test, a three word registration/memory task (â€Å"apple,† â€Å"table† and â€Å"penny†) and five serial subtractions by intervals of three. A point was awarded for every correct answer from the three word memory task and the logical verbal memory test. For immediate memory, using a summary score of logical memory (0-6 points) plus three word task (0-3 points), we considered less than 5 out of 9 points to be impaired (low), such that individuals with 0-4 were score ‘low’, and those scoring 5-9 were scored ‘high’. For delayed memory, a summary score of less than 4 out of 9 points was considered impaired (low). Both summary scores are consistent with previous NHANES-III reports. For the test of serial subtractions, any miscalculation during the five trials was considered impaired, and only a perfect score was considered ‘high’. The reported race and ethnicity includes non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, Mexican-Americans and ‘other’. Smoking was defined by a â€Å"yes† response to the following two questions: â€Å"Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes during your entire life† and â€Å"Do you smoke cigarettes now†. These questions can be found on the NHANES III household adult questionnaire. Education was stratified in three categories: 12 (some college and beyond). We performed an X2 and t-test analysis to compare demographic characteristics between patients with COPD and patients without COPD. To assess the association between COPD and a low cognitive test score (with high score as reference) crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis were performed. Adjusted potential confounders were age, race-ethnicity, sex, BMI, education status and smoking. Appropriate NHANES-III weighted sampling was applied during this analysis. All data analyses were conducted using SAS (v 9.3; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Results Table 1 presents the demographics of the population. There were 17,181,182 individuals with COPD; 50.1% were females, 49.9% males and 85.9% were non-Hispanic White. The mean age for patients with COPD was 71.5 ±0.19. In both groups, patients had less than a high school education, were non-smokers and had both hospital and medical coverage. Majority of individuals with COPD scored low on each cognitive test as compared to those without COPD (Table 1). Coronary artery disease was the most prevalent comorbidity in patients with COPD (31.9%) and in patients without COPD (30.4%). In the unadjusted model, participants with COPD had increased odds of impaired scores on each of the three cognitive tests: the immediate recall (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.81- 2.62), delayed recall (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.87- 2.70) and serial subtraction test (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.10-1.90). We then examined the association between COPD and the cognitive tests, initially adjusted by age and race, which diminished the relationship slightly for all three tests, but the relationship was rendered insignificant for the serial subtraction test (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.95-1.69) (Table 2). Then, we adjusted for age, sex, height, body mass index and education, which did not change the relationship significantly. In the third model, further adjustment for race, poverty income ratio, and medical coverage did not appreciably change the relationship. In the last model, we additionally adjusted for vascular risk factors such as smoking, stroke, hypertension, CHF, diabetes and coronary artery disease. This increased the odds for poor scores for all three tests; immediate recall (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.44- 4.53), delayed recall test (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.73- 5.52), and serial subtraction (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.17- 6.40). Discussion We were able to identify a strong association between COPD and diminished cognitive status across three common cognitive tests. Individuals with COPD had significantly greater odds of impaired verbal memory, and this relationship remained robust after adjusting for potential sociodemographic and vascular risk factors. The relationship between COPD and the serial subtraction test scores was rendered significant after it was adjusted for vascular risk factors. Despite evidence in the extant literature showing an association between race with cognitive status [10], race was not a factor in the relationship between COPD and cognitive status. Our results are consistent with a growing body of evidence that has revealed a strong association between COPD and poor cognitive function. In one of the largest epidemiological studies, The Health and Retirement Study (n=4,150), patients with severe and non-severe COPD had significantly lower cognitive test scores compared to healthy controls. In adjusted models, only patients with severe COPD had the lower scores on the cognitive tests [5]. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship between COPD severity and cognitive dysfunction was previously established, with more severe COPD cases performing worse on the cognitive tests [6]. Notably, a 2013 study demonstrated significantly reduced memory tests scores on the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) among patients with COPD but without hypoxemia [7]. Further evidentiary support for global cognitive impairment in patients with COPD was also shown in a study that observed significant differences in executive functioning, working memory, episod ic memory, processing speed, and visuospatial ability [8]. Recently, several COPD studies have combined cognitive testing with neuroimaging, which have revealed significant white matter pathology in this population, with varying degrees of cognitive impairment [8,9,10,11]. The mechanism by which COPD causes cognitive decline is not very clear. COPD results in hypoxemia and hypercapnia, which has been implicated in diminished cognitive status [3,5]. Recent imaging studies have pointed to possible microvascular damage [3], and other studies have implicated chronic inflammatory process causing cognitive decline [12]. Yet others believe that the hypoxic process may cause direct neuronal damage, glial activation and the generation of free radicals which could affect cognitive functioning [13]. Given the prevalence of both COPD and cognitive decline in the elderly population and a probable causal relationship, it is important to further investigate the mechanism underlying the relationship. Limitations As all studies, this one has many limitations that need to be visited. One of the limitations unique to our study was that majority of the individuals in our elderly NHANES population had less than high school education. Given that educations has repeatedly been found to be strongly correlated with resilient cognitive function as well as less susceptible to neurodegeneration, our results could have been confounded by the lower mean education level in our population[14-18]. Another limitation lies with the cognitive testing used by NHANES. Only three cognitive tests were utilized, which does not provide a comprehensive assessment of cognitive function. In addition, the cognitive tests used most likely overlap in the cognitive function they measure, not allowing for specificity. However, the cognitive variables have been validated as a good tool for testing memory [19]. Furthermore, the cross-sectional nature of this paper does not allow us to make a causal link. In addition, the restr icted scope of lifelong socioeconomic status is a limitation, which is strongly associated with both cognitive impairment and COPD. However, it has been demonstrated that individuals with poor socioeconomic status may have a higher risk of developing COPD and lower cognitive reserve [20,21]. The strengths of this study are its large, diverse representative sample, that provided extensive medical history and allowed for control of confounding variables, as well as the objective measure of cognitive impairment and COPD. Also, the spirometry data from NHANES III allowed for more accurate diagnosis of COPD. Conclusion We were able to demonstrate a strong relationship between COPD and diminished cognitive status. We were not able to demonstrate any effect of gender, race, as well as sociodemographic or vascular risk factors on this relationship between COPD and cognitive status. The independent relationship between COPD and cognitive status may provide us an important clue into the pathophysiology of dementia, which needs to be further explored. Declaration of Interest References Prince M, Bryce R, Albanese E, et al. The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dementia 2013;9(1):63-75. Ford ES, Croft JB, Mannino DM, et al. COPD Surveillance- United States, 1999-2011 COPD Surveillance. Chest 2013;144(1):284-305. Dodd JW, Getov SV, Jones PW. Cognitive function in COPD. Eur Resp J 2010;35(4):913-922. Dall TM, Gallo PD, Chakrabarti R, et al. An Aging Population And Growing Disease Burden Will Require A Large And Specialized Health Care Workforce By 2025. Health Aff 2013;32(11):2013-2020. Rusanen M, Ngandu T, Laatikainen T, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a population based CAIDE study. Curr Alzheimer Res 2013;10(5):549-555. Li J, Huang Y, Fei GH. The evaluation of cognitive impairment and relevant factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases 2013;85(2):98-105. Gupta PP, Sood S, Atreja A, Agarwal D. A comparison of cognitive functions in non-hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and age-matched healthy volunteers using mini-mental state examination questionnaire and event-related potential, P300 analysis. Lung India: official organ of Indian Chest Society 2013;30(1):5-11. Dodd J, Van Den Broek M, Jones P, Charlton R. S92 cognitive function cerebral white matter tract microstructure in COPD. Thorax 2011;66(Suppl 4):A43-A44. Charlton RA, Dodd JW, van den Broek M, et al. Can brain MRI explain cognitive decline in COPD? A pilot study. Eur Resp J 2010;38(Suppl 55):29-36. Chung A, van den Broek MD, Charlton RA, et al. Cognitive Function And Cerebral Functional Connectivity In COPD: A Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Age 2012:65(68):20-27. Dodd JW, Chung AW, van den Broek MD, et al. Brain structure and function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multimodal cranial magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;186(3):240-245. Borson S, Scanlan J, Friedman S, et al. Modeling the impact of COPD on the brain. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2008;3(3):429-434. Singh B, Mielke MM, Parsaik AK, et al. A Prospective Study of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment. JAMA Neurol 2014;71(5):581-588. Schmand B, Smit J, Lindeboom J, et al. Low education is a genuine risk factor for accelerated memory decline and dementia. J Clin Epidemiol 1997;50(9):1025-1033. Stern, Y. Cognitive reserve and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2006;20(2),112-117. Ngandu T, von Strauss E, Helkala EL, et al. Education and dementia What lies behind the association? Neurology 2007;69(14):1442-1450. Scarmeas, N, Stern, Y. Cognitive reserve and lifestyle. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2003;25(5):625-633. McDowell I, Xi G, Lindsay J, et al. Mapping the connections between education and dementia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2007;29(2):127-141. Albert M, Smith LA, Scherr PA, et al. Use of brief cognitive tests to identify individuals in the community with clinically diagnosed Alzheimers disease. Int J Neurosci. 1991;57:167-178. Eisner, MD, Blanc, PD, Omachi, TA, et al. Socioeconomic status, race and COPD health outcomes. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011;65(1):26-34. Stern, Y, Tang, M X, Denaro, J, et al. Increased risk of mortality in Alzheimers disease patients with more advanced educational and occupational attainment. Ann Neurol 1995;37(5):590-595. Table 1. Baseline characteristics by COPD status in the NHANES III population * p values derived from t test comparison of means of COPD by population characteristics SD = Standard deviation Table 2: Crude and adjusted odds ratio for COPD and cognitive tests among 17,134,886 individuals in the NHANES III population OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, ref = reference Model 1: adjusted for age and race Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, height, BMI and education Model 3: Model 2 additionally controlled for poverty income ratio, race, and medical coverage Model 4: Model 3 additionally adjusted for stroke, coronary heart disease, hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes. 1

Case Review :: Essays Papers

Case Review Situation Analysis From our analysis, we were able to discover causes to the previous stated problems in the Parma plant. The causes of the problems appeared to be: 1) Lack of Communication 2) Conflict 3) Ill Decision Making 4) Organizational Change 5) Job Design Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages with attached meanings. It appeared the new Shop Chairman did communicate effectively with Bill Marsh, Bob Lintz, or the salaried employees. The employees faced rumors of being closed, but specific plant closing details were not communicated to the employees. Conflict is whenever disagreements exist in a social situation over issues of substance or whenever emotional antagonisms create frictions between individuals or groups. The enormous list of demands, from the reigning Shop Chairman, was believed to have created individual differences, conflict, tension, and threatened the openness of management and union leadership, even the openness of Bob Lintz and the hourly employees. Decision-making is the process of choosing a course of action for dealing with a problem or opportunity. Different management styles of the previous Shop Chairman and the reigning Shop Chairman were different. The former Shop Chairman utilized a teamwork approached. The reigning Shop Chairman appeared to make decisions for the â€Å"good† of the union without Parma management or employee feedback. Organizational Change is a group of people working together to achieve change. GM placed demands on Parma to change the organization as quickly and cost effectively as possible. GM promoted the reduction of salaried employees, elimination of management layers, reduction of major benefits and bonus’. Job Design is the process of defining job tasks and the work arrangements to accomplish them.

Organic Food Speech Essay

I have a question for you at the beginning of this speech. Who just eat organic food everyday? Obviously! According my research, which I gave the question to my friends. Most of them know about organic food, but only few of them just eat organic food which including the vegetable, meat and eggs and other people don’t take it seriously and eat fast food always. What is organic food? The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) states that animals raised on an organic operation must be fed organic feed and given access to the outdoors. They are given no antibiotics or growth hormones. Organic crops are raised without using most conventional pesticides and using no petroleum-based or sewage-sludge-based fertilizers. Do ‘organic’ and ‘natural’ mean the same thing? And four main reasons to choice organic food! No, â€Å"natural† and â€Å"organic† are not same. You may see â€Å"natural†, â€Å"all natural,† â€Å"free-range† or â€Å"hormone-free† on food labels. These descriptions must be truthful, but don’t mean they are â€Å"organic.† Only foods that are grown and processed according to USDA organic standards can be labeled organic. According to USDA: Organic food such as fruits, vegetables and meat can make people become healthier and organic farming can protect the environ ment. Choice organic vegetable! The picture for strawberry: On the right is non-organic and left is organic. For the picture down: one the right is non-organic and the left is organic. Normally, non-organic fruit or vegetable will grow faster and taste not as good as organic food. For the last picture: the right side is organic egg and left side is non-organic. The reason why the color is different is because organic chicken also eats organic feed. Choice organic meat! We also need to choice organic meet. From the picture we see. Organic Meat Comes from Animals Treated Ethically and Humanely. The organic farming looks cleaner and animal form there lives healthier. Here are some of the reasons why you should buy organic animal products. 1. Organic meat comes from animals that were given a pesticide-free diet. 2. These animals may have had some limited access to pasture. 3. They were not loaded with antibiotics, steroids and other poisons. 4. Organic meat has not been irradiated. Therefore, organic meat is not loaded with toxins–that are subsequently passed on to you when you eat them–like conventional meat is. Health and money which one you prefer: Non-organic food can cause lots of disease. Even the organic food is expensive; there is nothing important than our lives and our family’s health. According to the research from Organic Liaison: Because factory-fed cattle eat the ground-up remains of their SAME SPECIES, this can cause mad cow disease, destroying a human’s central nervous system and brain. Also the animal, which grows up in dirty environment, can cause many parasitic disease and diarrhea. Studies also show that grass-fed beef contains more nutritional value, including higher levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega-3 fatty acids, which reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer. Here is another new research from Maryland University: Non-organic Chicken has one kind bacterium, which is resistant to modern medicine. This kind of bacteria that can cause serious and unpleasant disease that becomes a lot harder to cure. Conclusion: We know that eating organic fruits, vegetables, and other produce is the way to go. It’s healthier, it tastes better, and it doesn’t have any nasty toxins or chemicals. Healthy and happy life cannot live without organic food. Now let us choice organic food!

AirAsi Case Study Essays

AirAsi Case Study Essays AirAsi Case Study Essay AirAsi Case Study Essay AirAsi Once the plane of AirAsia takes away, the transit service provided to the clients is consumed at the same time. Since there is no nutrient provided during the service, AirAsia has made usage of this chance to sell nutrient and drinks. Through the merchandising procedure, it creates interaction with clients and it allows them to percept the quality of the service. No free luggage allowance There is no free luggage allowance on AirAsia X. Unlike other air hoses who decide to increase airfares that are imposed on all riders, AirAsia X believes that by bear downing for checked-in luggage, it is more sensible and it will assist to maintain air menus low. AirAsia X will incur more fuel costs with every kg of weight added to the aircraft. Therefore, invitees who take on less weight will be able to salvage more. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airasia.com/site/en/faqSearch.jsp ) Fully ticketless travel AirAsia is a ticketless air hose, hence, alternatively of tickets ; they will supply you with an itinerary which contains your booking figure every bit good as your payment and travel inside informations via electronic mail. This is besides a agency of cutting cost by non publishing any tickets. Unassigned seats The seats on AirAsia are based on free seating manner. There will non be any seats assigned to you unless you pay an excess fee for it. Therefore, we would see long waiting line at the waiting country of AirAsia as many of the riders would desire to catch the best seats for the flight. By implementing free seating program, it helps to promote riders to be punctual so that the plane could take of early. Safety trip AirAsia pilots pattern criterion applications, proficient and behavioral trials, land school preparation, safety and exigency procedural preparation, full flight simulator. Travel with AirAsia pilots who have both head and bosom. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airasia.com/site/en/faqSearch.jsp THIS PART IS COPY PASTE, HAVEN EDIT ) Self Check-in Service Self Check-in is a service that allows invitees to check-in from our airdrome booths, via Mobile or online on our web site without necessitating to be at the check-in counter at the airdrome. With this installation, it helps the clients to salvage their clip and besides need non hold to line up up early for the embarkation base on balls. This installation if convenient and it besides helps to increase demand for the AirAsia seats for people who prefer fast and efficient check-in service without long waiting line. ( THIS PART IS COPY PASTE, HAVEN EDIT ) Explicit Servicess Attractive and sexy air-stewardesses The air hostesss of AirAsia are celebrated for their attraction. With ruddy shirt and skirt on them, it truly enhances their beauty and this makes the trip truly pleasant for the clients. They are friendly and would ever recognize their client with a smiling. AirAsia even advertise the faces of their air air hostess on their plane. Their chief responsibility on flight is to execute the safety safeguards processs to the riders and besides walk around the cabin to help the riders and besides to see if they need to buy any nutrient. However, there were a minority who complaint that the air air hostesss are unfriendly and do non recognize the clients when they see them. Therefore, AirAsia still necessitate to work on their consistence of their air air hostesss. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=xivjlxNim18 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=1p31o7hkW_A hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=Ah-p-qL8Xj0 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airasia.com/site/sg/en/pressRelease.jsp? id=14f35316-c0a8c85d-eb784700-58cd40f1 A ; type=read Quality of the client service There were legion of feedbacks kicking that the machine-controlled system of the helpline was giving them a tally about without supplying a solution. Many of the clients complained that it is merely impossible to acquire through the helpline and speak to a staff to help them. And even if they got through ; the staffs were unhelpful and were rude to them. For those who lose their luggage during their flight, AirAsia has non been really efficient in helping the clients. Their answer was slow and the claim is even slower. Comprehensiveness Singapore Airlines V. AirAsia? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Or Tiger Airway V AirAsia? ? ? Consistency Harmonizing to research, AirAsia have ever seeking their best to keep their on clip going record by offering unassigned seats and supplying self check-in service to client to promote them to be punctual. Despite the attempt to keep punctual going record, there are still a figure of ailments sing the hold and cacellation of flight. In event when flight has been cancelled, riders were informed last minute and they complained that the staffs was non really helpful and willing in helping them in the engagement of new tickets. Therefore, there is still room for betterment sing AirAsia s client service and their on clip going record. Handiness Website is available with information that the clients wish to happen out. ( E.g. Monetary values, publicities and flight info ) . It besides allows clients to book and purchase tickets online handily. Name centre and gross revenues office is besides available in every state where AirAsia is located in.

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